Basic Trust vs. Mistrust
When the balance of care is sympathetic and loving, the psychological conflict of the first year (basic trust vs. mistrust) is resolved on the positive side. The trusting infant expects the world to be good and gratifying so he feels confident about venturing out and exploring it. The mistrustful baby cannot count on the kindness and compassion of others, so she protects herself by withdrawing from people and things around her.
Picture: I believe the picture to the left showcases the trusting, compassionate, and gratifying relationship I shared with my mother.
(Berk, 2013, p. 143)
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
The conflict of autonomy vs. shame and doubt is resolved favorably when parents provide young children with suitable guidance and reasonable choices. When this stage is resolved positively the child is self-confident and secure because he is not criticized of attacked when he fails at new skills. In contrast, when parents are over/under controlling the outcome is a child who feels forced and shamed or who doubts his ability to control his impulses and act competently on his own.
(Berk, 2013, p. 143)
Erikson:
Basic Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
